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Immunology & Humanization

Cytokine / Receptor Humanization

The genetic replacement of mouse cytokines, receptors, or ligand–receptor pairs with their human equivalents. These models recreate critical components of the human immune network for accurate evaluation of human biologics.

Overview

Cytokine and receptor humanization refers to the genetic replacement of mouse cytokines, receptors, or ligand–receptor pairs with their human equivalents. These models recreate critical components of the human immune network for accurate evaluation of human biologics.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are cytokine humanizations important?

Human cytokines often fail to interact efficiently with murine receptors due to species-specific signaling differences. Humanization enables functional human immune cell engraftment and signaling.

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Related Terms

Humanized Immune Checkpoint (PD-1 / PD-L1 / CTLA-4)

Genetically engineered mice with key inhibitory immune receptors—such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4—replaced with their human equivalents. Essential for evaluating antibody and biologic therapies targeting immune checkpoint pathways.

Humanized Mouse Models

A genetically engineered mouse in which one or more human genes, immune system components, or biological pathways have been introduced to replicate aspects of human physiology, bridging the gap between basic research and clinical translation.

HLA Humanized Models

Genetically engineered mice in which murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are replaced with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. These models recapitulate key aspects of human antigen presentation and adaptive immunity.

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