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Catalog Models

PD1 Humanized Mouse Models

PD1 humanized mice enable preclinical testing of anti human PD1 therapeutic antibodies including pembrolizumab and nivolumab in immunocompetent mouse systems.

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Ready catalog models

ModelTypeStatusCatalog
hPD-1
The endogenous mouse Pdcd1 gene was replaced by human PDCD1(PD-1) gene .
HULIVEHU 00015Inquire
hPD-1(3)
The endogenous mouse Pdcd1 gene was replaced by human PDCD1 gene.
HULIVEHU 235087Inquire
hPD-1(BALB/c)
The endogenous mouse Pdcd1 gene was replaced by human PDCD1(PD-1) gene .
HULIVEHU 190079Inquire
hPD-1/Cd8a-IRES-Akaluc-2A-EGFP
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with Cd8a-IRES-Luc-2A-EGFP(KI 18030) to generate hPD-1/Cd8a-IRES-Luc-2A-EGFP mice
HUEMBRYOHU 210373Inquire
hPD-1/hCCR8(BALB/c,2)
The hCCR8(BALB/c)(2)(HU 220501) was crossed with hPD-1(BALB/c)(HU 190079) to generate hPD-1/hCCR8(BALB/c,2) mice.
HUEMBRYOHU 234063Inquire
hPD-1/hCD27(2)
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hCD27(2)(HU 190035) to generate hPD-1/hCD27(2).
HUEMBRYOHU 2000096Inquire
hPD-1/hCD28
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hCD28(HU 190011) to generate hPD-1/hCD28.
HUEMBRYOHU 2000097Inquire
hPD-1/hCD3E
hPD-1（HU 00015）was crossed with hCD3E（HU 00114）to generate hPD-1/hCD3E。
HUEMBRYOHU 18021Inquire
hPD-1/hCD40
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hCD40(HU 00076) to generate hPD-1/hCD40.
HULIVEHU 190017Inquire
hPD-1/hCTLA-4
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hCTLA4(HU 00014)to generate hPD-1/hCTLA4 mice
HUEMBRYOHU 00079Inquire
hPD-1/hCTLA-4(BALB/c)
hPD-1(HU 190079) was crossed with hCTLA4(2)(HU 190078)to generate hPD-1/hCTLA4 mice
HUEMBRYOHU 200277Inquire
hPD-1/hICOS(2)
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hICOS(2)(HU 190030) to generate hPD-1/hICOS(2).
HUEMBRYOHU 2000100Inquire
hPD-1/hIL1B
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hIL1B(HU 190047) to generate hPD-1/hIL1B mice
HUEMBRYOHU 210018Inquire
hPD-1/hIL21R
The hIL21R(HU 210031) was crossed with hPD-1(HU 00015) to generate hPD-1/hIL21R mice.
XAEMBRYOXA 240522Inquire
hPD-1/hLAG3
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hLAG3(HU 00049)to generate hPD-1/hLAG3 mice
HULIVEHU 00101Inquire
hPD-1/hLAG3/hTIGIT
hPD-1(HU 00015),hTIGIT(HU 00053) were crossed with hLAG3(HU 00049) to generate hPD-1/hLAG3/hTIGIT.
HUEMBRYOHU 200258Inquire
hPD-1/hOX40
hPD-1（HU 00015）was crossed with hOX40（HU 00041）to generate hPD-1/hOX40.
HUEMBRYOHU 00108Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hPD-L1(HU 00062)to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1 mice
HULIVEHU 00100Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1(2)/hCCR8
hPD-1(HU 00015) and hPD-1(2)(HU 190039) were crossed with hCCR8(HU 190053) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1(2)/hCCR8 mice.
HUDEVELOPINGHU 210402Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1(BALB/c)
hPD-1(BALB/c)(HU 190079) mice were crossed with hPD-L1(BALB/c ) (HU 220028) mice to generate hPD-1/ hPD-L1(BALB/c) mice.
HUEMBRYOHU 220142Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hCD73(2)
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hPD-L1/hCD73(2)(HU 210356) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hCD73(2) mice.
HUEMBRYOHU 210410Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hCTLA-4
hCTLA4（HU 00014）,hPD-1（HU 00015）,hPD-L1（HU 00062）were crossed together to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hCTLA4 mice
HULIVEHU 200266Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hIDO1
hPD-1(HU 00015),hPD-L1(HU 00062) were crossed with hIDO1(HU 00061) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hIDO1.
HULIVEHU 00120Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/HLA-A2.1/B2M
The hPD-1/hPD-L1 (HU 00100) was crossed with HLA-A2.1/B2M(HU 241353) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/HLA-A2.1/B2M mice.
XALIVEXA 252092Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hLAG3
hPD-1(HU 00015),hPD-L1(HU 00062) were crossed with hLAG3(HU 00049) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hLAG3.
HUEMBRYOHU 190028Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hMERTK
The hMERTK(HU 2000031) was crossed with hPD-1/hPD-L1(HU 00100) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hMERTK mice.
XALIVEXA 250683Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hOX40
hPD-1(HU 00015),hPD-L1(HU 00062) were crossed with hOX40(HU 00041) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hOX40.
HUEMBRYOHU 00122Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hPD-L2
The endogenous mouse Pd-1/Pd-l1/Pdcd1lg2 gene was replaced by human PD-1/PD-L1/PDCD1LG2 gene.
HUEMBRYOHU 190060Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hTACSTD2
The hTACSTD2(HU 215022) was crossed with hPD-1/hPD-L1(HU 00100) to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hTACSTD2 mice.
XAEMBRYOXA 242246Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hTIGIT
hTIGIT（HU 00053）,hPD-1（HU 00015）,hPD-L1（HU 00062）were crossed together to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hTIGIT mice
HUEMBRYOHU 200267Inquire
hPD-1/hPD-L1/hTIM3
hTIM3（HU 00054）,hPD-1（HU 00015）,hPD-L1（HU 00062）were crossed together to generate hPD-1/hPD-L1/hTIM3 mice
HUEMBRYOHU 200264Inquire
hPD-1/hPVRIG
The hPVRIG(HU 210008) was crossed with hPD-1(HU 00015) to generate hPD-1/hPVRIG mice.
HUEMBRYOHU 231147Inquire
hPD-1/hSEMA4D
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hSEMA4D(HU 00117) to generate hPD-1/hSEMA4D.
HUEMBRYOHU 190033Inquire
hPD-1/hSIGLEC15
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hSIGLEC15(HU 190037) to generate hPD-1/hSIGLEC15.
HUEMBRYOHU 2000093Inquire
hPD-1/hSIRPA(2)
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hSIRPA(2) (HU 18015) to generate hPD-1/hSIRPA(2).
HUEMBRYOHU 2000089Inquire
hPD-1/hSTING
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hSTING(HU 190036) to generate hPD-1/hSTING.
HUEMBRYOHU 2000104Inquire
hPD-1/hTIGIT
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hTIGIT(HU 00053) to generate hPD-1/hTIGIT.
HUEMBRYOHU 00104Inquire
hPD-1/hTIGIT/hTIM3
hPD-1(HU 00015),hTIGIT(HU 00053) were crossed with hTIM3(HU 00054) to generate hPD-1/hTIGIT/hTIM3.
HUEMBRYOHU 190029Inquire
hPD-1/hTIM3
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hTIM3(HU 00054)to generate hPD-1/hTIM3 mice
HUEMBRYOHU 00103Inquire
hPD-1/hTL1A(3)
The hTL1A(3) (HU 233157) was crossed with hPD-1(HU 00015) to generate hTL1A(3)/hPD-1 mice.
XALIVEXA 251906Inquire
hPD-1/hTLR9
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hTLR9(HU 18016) to generate hPD-1/hTLR9.
HUEMBRYOHU 190023Inquire
hPD-1/hVEGFA
The hVEGFA(HU 2000028) was crossed with hPD-1(HU 00015) to generate hPD-1/hVEGFA mice.
XALIVEXA 242781Inquire
hPD-1/hVEGFR2
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hKDR(HU 00098) to generate hPD-1/hKDR.
HUEMBRYOHU 2000098Inquire
hPD-1/hVISTA
hPD-1(HU 00015) was crossed with hSIRPA(2) (HU 18015) to generate hPD-1/hVISTA.
HUEMBRYOHU 2000092Inquire

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Model Types

Why Humanize PD1

Species Specificity of Therapeutic Antibodies

Anti PD1 therapeutic antibodies are engineered specifically for human PD1:

  • Antibody epitopes designed against human PD1 sequence
  • Limited or no binding to mouse PD1 ortholog
  • Cannot evaluate efficacy in wildtype mice
  • Surrogate antibodies against mouse PD1 may not predict human responses

Humanized PD1 mice express the human target, enabling direct testing of clinical antibody candidates.

Maintaining Immunocompetent System

PD1 humanization preserves the mouse immune system:

  • Functional T cells expressing human PD1
  • Intact tumor microenvironment interactions
  • Normal immune cell development and function
  • Physiological PD1/PDL1 axis signaling

Unlike xenograft models in immunodeficient mice, humanized checkpoint models enable immunotherapy studies in animals with functional adaptive immunity.

Translational Relevance

Humanized models improve translation to clinical outcomes:

  • Test the actual clinical candidate, not a surrogate
  • Evaluate on target effects with human protein engagement
  • Develop and validate human specific biomarkers
  • Support regulatory submissions with relevant efficacy data

Humanization Strategies

Extracellular Domain Humanization

The most common approach replaces the mouse PD1 extracellular domain with human sequence while retaining mouse intracellular signaling domains:

Human extracellular domain provides antibody binding epitopes
Mouse transmembrane and intracellular domains preserved
Normal signaling through mouse downstream pathways
Maintained compatibility with mouse immune system

This strategy is optimal for therapeutic antibody testing where the goal is to evaluate antibody binding and blocking activity.

Complete Gene Humanization

Full replacement of mouse Pdcd1 with human PDCD1:

Complete human PD1 protein sequence
Human specific signaling characteristics
Study human PD1 biology comprehensively
May require consideration of species specific interactions

Conditional Humanization

Conditional approaches enable controlled humanization:

Tissue specific humanization using Cre lox
Inducible humanization for temporal control
Compare humanized and mouse PD1 in same animal

Applications

Anti PD1 Antibody Efficacy Testing

Primary application for PD1 humanized mice:

  • Test pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and other clinical antibodies
  • Evaluate novel anti PD1 candidates
  • Compare antibody potency and characteristics
  • Assess Fc effector function contributions

Combination Immunotherapy

PD1 humanized mice support combination studies:

  • Anti PD1 plus chemotherapy
  • Anti PD1 plus radiation
  • Anti PD1 plus targeted therapy
  • Anti PD1 plus other checkpoint inhibitors (dual humanized models)

Tumor Model Compatibility

PD1 humanized mice on C57BL/6 background are compatible with syngeneic tumor models. BALB/c background humanized models enable use of CT26, 4T1, and other BALB/c compatible tumor lines.

Biomarker Development

Humanized models support translational biomarker work:

  • Human PD1 detection with clinical grade antibodies
  • Pharmacodynamic biomarker validation
  • Receptor occupancy assessment
  • Immune activation markers

Tumor Model Compatibility

Tumor ModelTumor TypePD1/PDL1 Response
MC38Colon carcinomaResponsive
B16MelanomaVariable
LLCLung carcinomaVariable
E0771Breast carcinomaResponsive

Combination with Other Humanized Checkpoints

PD1 humanization can be combined with other checkpoint humanizations. Dual humanized models enable evaluation of combination checkpoint inhibitor regimens using clinical antibodies against both targets.

CTLA4 Humanized MiceLAG3 Humanized Mice

Combination Models

CombinationApplications
PD1 + CTLA4Ipilimumab + nivolumab combinations
PD1 + LAG3Next generation checkpoint combinations
PD1 + TIM3Emerging combination strategies
PD1 + TIGITNovel checkpoint combinations

For complex combination studies, multiple checkpoint humanizations can be combined through breeding or sequential targeting. Our scientific team advises on efficient strategies for generating multi humanized models.

Technical Considerations

Strain Background

Choose strain background based on tumor model compatibility:

  • C57BL/6: Compatible with MC38, B16, LLC, E0771
  • BALB/c: Compatible with CT26, 4T1, EMT6

Our scientific team advises on optimal strain background for your research program.

Functional Validation

Validate humanized PD1 function in your experimental system:

  • Confirm human PD1 surface expression on T cells
  • Verify therapeutic antibody binding
  • Test functional checkpoint blockade
  • Compare to wildtype controls

Selected Publications

Humanized checkpoint models generated by ingenious targeting laboratory have supported immuno oncology research:

Reinartz DM, Escamilla-Rivera V, Shao M, Tribble SL, Caulin C, Wilson JE. 2025. Impact of absent in melanoma 2 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development J Immunol. 12(214): 3565-3578 ↗

Mao Z, Hirdler JB, Gicobi JK, Maynes M, Hsu MA, Dellacecca ER, Zhang W, Teske JJ, Li Y, Zhao G, Lucien-Matteoni F, da Silva HB, Billadeau DD, Dong H. 2025. PD-1 prelimits both the cytotoxic and exhaustion potential in thymic CD8+ T cells and impacts the maintenance of peripheral tumor immunity bioRxiv. ↗

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What Researchers Say

“ingenious targeting laboratory produced a new conditional mouse model for us and the quality of service was exceptional. The team is extremely knowledgeable and the work was completed at the highest possible standards. My project manager was excellent and always happy to answer technical questions and keep me up to date with progress and potential problems. I would recommend ingenious targeting laboratory highly and will use them again in the future if I need to generate a new mouse line.”

— Albert Basson, PhD

King's College London

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